Case One

CC: Abdominal Pain.

HPI:The patient is a 47 year old white female who

presents at 9:30 am complaining of a sudden onset of

moderate to severe periumbilical abdominal pain which

woke her from sleep at 6:30am that morning. The pain

radiates to both flanks and varies in intensity but is

always present. She states that she cannot lay still

because of the pain. She reports a similar pain several

days earlier which lasted 1 to 2 hours which was

attributed to an "abdominal virus". She has some mild

nausea but no vomiting or diarrhea.

Review of Systems: She denies fever or chills, chest

pain, dyspnea, cough, dysuria, urgency or frequency.

There is no vaginal bleeding or discharge. She denies any

known trauma. Her last bowel movement was yesterday and

was normal. The patient has been otherwise well until

this morning.

Past Medical History: She denies any hypertension,

diabetes, heart disease, renal disease, lung disease or

thyroid disease.

Past Surgical History: Varicose vein stripping of legs one

month ago, vaginal hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy

one year ago. Appendectomy one year ago.

Medications: Estrogen.

Allergies: None known.

Social History: One pack per day smoker for 20 years.

Occasional alcohol. Denies any illicit drug use.

Physical Exam:

Temp: 36.7 Celsius, Pulse: 78, Resp: 18, BP: 138/82

General: Well nourished white female who appears stated

age in mild painful discomfort. Alert, and conversant.

Skin: Warm and dry. No rashes or jaundice.

HEENT: Normocephalic, PERRLA, EOMI, mucous membranes

moist, throat clear, normal dentition.

Neck: Supple. No jugulovenous distention. Normal carotid

upstroke.

Lungs: Slight scattered rhonchi bilaterally which clear

with coughing. Otherwise clear.

Heart: Regular rate and rhythm, normal S1 and S2. No

murmurs, rubs or gallop.

Abdomen: No distention. Normal active bowel sounds. No

palpable masses. Very mild tenderness in the right lower

quadrant. There is no guarding or rebound. No hernia

appreciated.

Back: No deformities. Nontender. No costovertebral angle

tenderness.

Pelvic: Nl external genitalia. No lesions. Normal vaginal

vault. No adnexal tenderness or masses.

Rectal: Normal tone. No masses. Guaiac negative.

Extremities: Normal pulses throughout. No edema, cyanosis

or tenderness.

Neurologic: Normal mental status, cranial nerves, motor

and sensory. Normal cerebellar.


Diagnostic Studies:

Labs:

WBC: 12.0 (83% polys, 11% lymphs, no bandemia), HGB:

14.3, platelets: 254.

Na: 141, K: 4.6, Cl: 102, CO2: 26, BUN: 10, Creat: 0.6,

glu: 85, Ca: 9.6, albumin: 3.8, SGOT: 37, SGPT: 28, Alk

phos: 63, Total Bili: 0.6, uric acid: 2.6, Cholesterol:

159.

Urine dip: negative for blood or leukocytes.

EKG: (Normal sinus rhythm at 50. Nonspecific anterolateral

T wave abnormalities.

Chest Xray (upright): No active disease. No free air.

Abdominal Xray: Nonspecific bowel gas pattern. No

distended bowel loops. No abnormal calcifications.

ED course: The patient received dicyclomine IM with no

relief. She continued to have mild to moderate abdominal

pain after returning from the radiology department and

received morphine 2 mg iv. After 15 minutes, there was

almost complete relief of her pain. She remained

comfortable for the following 4 hours when the pain

recurred. It was now a very severe bilateral lower

abdominal pain radiating to both flanks. The patient

stated that she felt like her back was "going to break".

She was now mildly tender in both lower quadrants with

minimal guarding but without peritoneal signs. She was

seen by the surgical team and received another 10mg of iv

morphine with no relief of pain. A repeat chest xray

revealed no free intraabdominal air.