Mitral Stenosis

	Brief Information

Description	Narrowed valve restricts forward flow; forceful ejection into ventricles. Often occurs with mitral regurgitation. Caused by rheumatic fever or cardiac infection.
Type and Detection	Heard with bell at apex, patient in left lateral decubitis.
Findings on Examination	Low frequency diastolic rumble, more intense in early and late diastole, does not radiate and usually quiet. Palpable thrill at apex in late diastole is common. Visible lift in right parasternal area if right ventricle hypertrophied. Arterial pulse amplitude is decreased.
Heart Sound Components	S1 increased and often palpable at left sternal border; S2 split often with accented P2; Opening snap follows P2 closely.

	Heart Sound

Compare with
Normal Heart Sound (441K)
Aortic Stenosis (392K)
Pulmonary Stenosis (438K)
Aortic Regurgitation (491K)
Mitral Regurgitation (303K)