Cardiovascular Medicine - Education Center


Pulmonary valve abnormalities:



Pulmonary stenosis
In pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular outflow is obstructed and a pressure load on the right ventricle is imposed by the significant narrowing of the pulmonary vascular system at the supravalvular, valvular or subvalvular levels. The valvular form is most common. An ejection systolic murmur is usually heard maximally over the pulmonary area. The cause is usually congenital or sometimes due to the carcinoid syndrome.

Pulmonary stenosis in wav format

Pulmonary stenosis in real audio format





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